In the last few years, pharmacies and pharmacists in France have been granted the powers to do a variety of testing, vaccinations and even some base level prescribing of antibiotics. I believe this even includes doing proper PCR tests for Covid if your symptoms (or the results of a home test) warrant.
The pharmacy in many ways functions as a sort of Urgent Care Center, as I understand those things in the US. If nothing else, the pharmacist should be able to advise you of the closest site that can administer whatever test you may need. Ask very politely when you go if anyone on staff speaks English (in French if you can muster it). I was very pleasantly surprised to hear our local pharmacist speaking very good English with a British couple who had stopped in with questions. This is a small town but our pharmacist is making sure everyone is staying up to date on their various vaccines. And I'm told they can offer tests for things like urinary infections and other common ailments, along with prescribing the go-to medication to deal with it.
They don't normally "advertise" their English capabilities, but if you try to catch them at a time when they aren't super busy, they should certainly try to give you the test, advice or even sometimes the prescription items you need.